Blackgram & Greengram: Diseases and Symptoms Cercospora leaf spot Bacterial leaf blight Anthracnose Powdery mildew Root ...
Blackgram &
Greengram: Diseases and Symptoms
- Cercospora leaf spot
- Bacterial leaf blight
- Anthracnose
- Powdery mildew
- Root rot and leaf blight
- Rust
- Stem canker and Macrophomina blight
- Yellow mosaic disease
- Leaf crinkle
- IPM for Blackgram & Greengram
Disease symptoms
- Moist weather and splattering
rains are conducive to disease development. Most outbreaks of the disease
can be traced back to heavy rainstorms that occur in the area.
- Infected leaves show small,
brown, water soaked, circular spots surrounded with yellowish halo.
- On older plants the leaflet
infection is mostly on older leaves and may cause serious defoliation. The
most striking symptoms are on the green fruit. Small water-soaked spots.
- First appear which later become
raised and enlarge until they are one-eighth to one-fourth inch in
diameter.
- Centres of these lesions become
irregular, light brown and slightly sunken with a rough, scabby surface.
- Ripe fruits are not susceptible
to the disease. Surface of the seed becomes contaminated with the
bacteria, remaining on the seed surface for some time.
- The organism survives in
alternate hosts, on volunteer black gram plants and on infected plant
debris.
Survival and spread
- The fungus is soil borne on
diseased plant debris and it survives only on the tissues which it
colonizes as a parasite.
- Fungus spreads abort 3 m
through the soil in one season, apparently along roots.
- The fungus was found to survive
in infected plant stubble for 2.5 in vertisols and 3 years in alfisols.
Favourable conditions
- Moist weather and splattering
rains
- High humidity or persistent dew
Disease symptoms
- This is a common disease of
blackgram occurring on the foliage at any stage of the growth.
- The fungus attacks the foliage
causing characteristic leaf spots and blight. Early blight is first
observed on the plants as small, black lesions mostly on the older
foliage.
- Spots enlarge, and by the time
they are one-fourth inch in diameter or larger, concentric rings in a
bull’s eye pattern can be seen in the center of the diseased area.
- Tissue surrounding the spots
may turn yellow. If high temperature and humidity occur at this time, much
of the foliage is killed.
- Lesions on the stems are
similar to those on leaves, sometimes girdling the plant if they occur
near the soil line.
- Transplants showing infection
by the late blight fungus often die when set in the field. The fungus also
infects the fruit, generally through the calyx or stem attachment. Lesions
attain considerable size, usually involving nearly the entire fruit;
concentric rings are also present on the fruit.
Survival and spread:
- The bacterium is seed-borne and
through vines grows perennially.
Favourable conditions:
- Rain splashes play an important
role in the development and spreading of the disease.
- Warm, rainy and wet weather.
Disease symptoms
- Symptoms are circular, black,
sunken spots with dark center and bright red orange margins on leaves and
pods
- In severe infections, the
affected parts wither off.
- Seedlings get blighted due to
infection soon after seed germination.
Survival and spread:
- The pathogens survive on seed
and plant debris
- Disease spreads in the field
through air-borne conidia
Favourable conditions:
- The disease is more sever in
cool and wet seasons.
Disease symptoms
- White powdery patches appear on
leaves and other green parts which later become dull coloured
- These patches gradually
increase in size and become circular covering the lower surface also
- When the infection is severe,
both the surfaces of the leaves are completely covered by whitish powdery
growth
- In severe infections, foliage
becomes yellow causing premature defoliation
- The disease also creates forced
maturity of the infected plants which results in heavy yield losses.
Survival and spread
- The pathogen has a wide host
range and survives in conidial form on various hosts in off -season
- Secondary spread is through
air-borne conidia produced in the season.
Favourable conditions
- Cool (10-20 ºC) and wet weather
(90% RH) favours disease development.
Disease symptoms
- The pathogens cause seed decay,
root rot, damping-off, and seedling blight, stem canker and leaf blight in
greengram
- The disease occurs commonly at
pod development stage
- In the initial stages, the
fungus causes seed rot, seedling blight and root rot symptoms.
- The affected leaves turn yellow
in colour and brown irregular lesions appear on leaves.
- On coalescence of such lesions,
big blotches are formed and the affected leaves start drying prematurely.
- Roots and basal portion of the
stem become black in colour and the bark peels off easily.
- When the tap root of the
affected plant is split open, reddening of internal tissues is visible.
Survival and spread
- Species are saprotrophic,
occurring in the soil which is the source of primary infection.
- Secondary infection occurs by
means of asexual spores.
Favourable conditions
- Moist soil and humid conditions
favour the development of disease.
Disease symptoms
- The disease appears as circular
reddish brown pustules which appear more commonly on the underside of the
leaves
- When leaves are severely
infected, both the surfaces are fully covered by rust pustules
- Shrivelling followed by
defoliation resulting in yield losses.
Survival and spread
- The pathogen survives in the
soil through teliospores and as uredospores in crop debris. Primary
infection is by the sporidia developed from teliospores. Secondary spread
is by wind-borne uredospores. The fungus also survives on other legume
hosts.
Favourable conditions
- Cloudy humid weather,
temperature of 21-26˚ C
- Nights with heavy dews
Disease symptoms
- In rice fallows, symptoms
appear on 4 weeks old blackgram crop as raised white cankers at the base
of the stem
- These enlarge gradually and
turn as raised brown streaks spreading upwards
- Plants are stunted and leaves
dark green, mottled and reduced in size
- Normal leaves on the affected
plants drop suddenly and dry
- Flowering and podding is
greatly reduced.
Survival and spread
- The pathogens survive in soil
and plant debris.
Favourable conditions
- Warm humid weather
- The disease is severe generally
during late Kharif and Rabi seasons.
Disease symptoms
- Initially mild scattered yellow
spots appear on young leaves
- The next trifoliate leaves
emerging from the growing apex show irregular yellow and green patches
alternating with each other
- Spots gradually increase in
size and ultimately some leaves turn completely yellow
- Infected leaves also show
necrotic symptoms.
- Diseased plants are stunted,
mature late and produce very few flowers and pods
- Pods of infected plants are
reduced in size and turn yellow in colour.
Transmission and favourable conditions
- The disease is transmitted in
semi persistent manner by aphid Aphis gossypii.
- Aphids are more active in warm
summer conditions and increase in their population leads to increased
spread of the viruses.
Disease symptoms
- The symptoms appear on youngest
leaves as chlorosis around some lateral veins and its branches near the
margin
- The leaves show curling of
margin downwards
- The veins show reddish brown
discoloration on the under surface which also extends to the petiole
- Plants showing symptoms within
5 weeks after sowing invariably remain stunted and majority of these die
due to top necrosis within a week or two.
Transmission and favourable conditions
- Virus is transmitted by
Henosepilachnadodeca stigma. The disease develops in the fields mainly
through seed or rubbing of diseased leaves
To know
the IPM practices for Blackgram & Greengram, click here.
Source: NIPHM and Directorate
of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage
123 ratings
Blackgram &
Greengram Pests
Pests of National Significance
Insect pests
- Pod borer: Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae)
- Spotted pod borer: Maruca vitrata Geyer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
- Spiny pod borer: Etiella zinckenella Treitschke (Lepidoptera:
Pyralidae)
- Blue butterfly: Lampides boeticus Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
- Grass blue butterfly: Euchrysops cnejus Fabricius (Lepidoptera:
Lycaenidae)
- Bihar hairy caterpillar: Spilosoma obliqua Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
- Stem fly: Ophiomyia phaseoli Tryon (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
- Pod weevil: Apionam plum Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
- Bean aphid: Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
- Leaf hopper: Empoasca kerri Latreille ( Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
- Podfly: Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) (Diptera:
Agromyzidae)
- Lablab bug: Coptosoma cribraria (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Plataspididae)
- Whitefly: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
- Thrips: Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera:
Thripidae)
- Blister beetle: Mylabris spp (Coleoptera: Meloidae)
Nematodes
- Cyst nematode: Heterodera cajani Koshi (Tylenchida:
Heteroderidae)
- Root knot nematode: Meloidogyne incognita (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)
Diseases
- Anthracnose: Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. &
Magnus) Briosi & Cavara
- Bacterial leaf blight: Xanthomonas phaseoli Dowson
- Cercospora leaf spot: Cercospora canescens
- Powdery mildew: Erysiphe polygoni
- Root rot and leaf blight: Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn
- Rust: Uromyces phaseoli G. Winter (Pucciniales:
Pucciniaceae)
- Macrophomina blight: Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.
- Yellow mosaic disease: Mungbean yellow mosaic virus
- Leaf crinkle disease: Leaf crinkle virus
Weeds
Broad leaf
- Pigweed: Amaranthus viridis Hook F. (Amaranthaceae)
- False amaranth: Digera arvensis Forssk (Amaranthaceae)
- Horse purslane: Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae)
- Tick weed: Cleome viscosa L. (Capparidaceae)
- Stonebreaker: Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae)
- Common lambsquarter: Chenopodium album L.(Chenopodiaceae)
- Burclover: Medicago denticulata Willd (Fabaceae)
- Canada thistle: Cirsium arvensis (L.) Scop (Asteraceae)
- Field bindweed: Convolvulus arvensis L. (Convolvulaceae)
- Three flowered tickerfoil: Desmodium trifl orum (L.) DC (Fabaceae)
Grasses
- Goose grass: Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertner (Poaceae)
- Rabbit/crow foot grass: Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd (Poaceae)
- Barnyard grass: Echinocloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. And Jungle rice
E. Colona (L.) Beauv. (Poaceae)
Sedges
- Flat sedge: Cyperus iria L. (Cyperaceae)
Pests of Regional Significance
Insect and mite pests
- White grub: Holotrichia sp (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (Haryana)
- Red spider mite:Tetranychus sp (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae)
(Gujarat)
Nematodes
- Stunt nematode: Telenchorhynchus sp (Tylenchida: Belonolaimidae)
- Lesion nematode: Pratylenchus sp (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae)
To know
the IPM practices for Blackgram & Greengram, click here.
Source: NIPHM and Directorate
of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage
Blackgram &
Greengram: Insect, Mite and Nematode Pests Management
- Gram pod borer
- Spotted pod borer
- Spiny pod borer
- Red spider mite
- Bihar hairy caterpillar
- Aphid
- Stem fly
- Whitefly
- Thrips
- Blister beetle
- Root-knot nematode
- IPM for Blackgram & Greengram
Gram pod borer
Biology
It is a
polyphagous pest, infesting gram, lablab, safflower, chillies, groundnut,
tobacco, cotton etc.
- Egg: Spherical, yellowish eggs are laid singly on
tender parts and buds of plants. The egg period lasts for 2-4 days.
- Larva: Caterpillars are of varying colour, initially
brown and later turn greenish with darker broken lines along the side of
the body. Body covered with radiating hairs. When full grown, they measure
3.7 to 5 cm in length. The larval period lasts for 18-25 days. The full
grown caterpillar pupates in the soil.
- Pupa: Pupation takes place inside the soil in an
earthen cell. Pupal stage lasts 7-15 days.
- Adult: Moth is stout, medium sized with brownish/greyish
forewings with a dark cross band near outer margin and dark spots near
costal margins, with a wing expanse of 3.7cm.
Damage symptoms
- Young larva feeds on the leaves
for some time and then attacks fruits. Internal tissues are eaten severely
and completely hollowed out. While feeding the caterpillar thrust its head
inside leaving the rest of the body outside.
- Bored fruits with round holes.
- Fed leaves, shoots and buds.
- The activity of Helicoverpa
starts on Greengram, summer vegetables and maize and continues their
generation by Aug-Sept months synchronizing with main crop.
Favourable conditions
- Warm weather conditions
followed by light rains and dry spells are favourable for multiplication.
Natural enemies of gram pod borer
- Parasitoids: Trichogramma spp., Tetrastichus spp., Chelonus
spp., Telenomus spp., Bracon spp., Ichneumon spp., Carcelia spp.,
Campoletis spp.
- Predators: Lacewing, ladybird beetle, spider, red ant,
dragon fly, robber fly, reduviid bug, praying mantis, black drongo (King
crow), wasp, common mynah, big-eyed bug (Geocoris sp), earwig, ground
beetle, pentatomid bug etc.
Spotted pod borer
Biology
It is a
polyphagous, infesting gram, lablab, safflower, chillies, groundnut, tobacco,
cotton etc.
- Egg: Eggs are laid on the under surface of leaves,
terminal shoots and flower buds. The freshly laid eggs were milky white in
colour and oval in outline, dorsoventrally flattened and glued to the
surface.
- Larva: Greenish white with brown head. Larval duration
is15 –20 days.
- Pupa: Pupates in dry leaves and debris
- Adult: Brown forewings and white hind wings
Damage symptoms
- Bore holes on the buds, flower
or pods
- Infested pods and flowers are
webbed together
Natural enemies of spotted pod borer
- Parasitoids: Trichogramma spp., Tetrastichus spp., Chelonus
spp., Telenomus spp., Bracon spp.
- Predators: Lacewing, ladybird beetle, spider, red ant, dragon fl
y, robber fl y, reduviid bug, praying mantis etc.
Spiny pod borer
Biology
- Larva: Greenish initially,
turns pink before pupation. It has 5 black spots on the prothorax
- Adult: Brownish grey moth.
Prothorax – orange in colour. Fore wing has a white stripe along the
anterior margin.
Damage symptom
- Dropping of flowers and young
pods
- Older pods marked with a brown
spot where a larva has entered
Red spider mite
Biology
- Egg: Hyaline, globular laid in mass
- Nymph: Yellowish in colour
- Adult: Red coloured small size
Damage symptoms
- Affected leaves become reddish
brown and bronzy
- In severe infestation silken
webbing on the leaves
- Leaves wither and dry
- Flower and fruit formation
affected
Natural enemies of red spider mite:
- Predators: Predatory mite, predatory thrips, oligota spp.,
orius spp., hover fly, mirid bug etc.
Bihar hairy caterpillar
Biology
This pest
occurs during October to December and of late it is also occurring from July.
In recent years, it has become an important pest on groundnut also.
- Egg: Female lays eggs in masses on leaves.
- Larva: The larvae are pale yellow coloured with yellow
hair over the body. They are polyphagous, feed on leaves and cause loss by
way of defoliation. In severe cases only stems are left behind. In
defoliated crops it also feeds on capsules.
- Pupa: Pupates in leaf litter close to the plants.
- Adult: Adult moth is reddish brown with black spots.
Both the wings are pinkish and possess black spots. There are several
generations per year.
Damage symptoms
- Young larvae feed gregariously
mostly on the under surface of the leaves.
- Caterpillars feed on leaves and
in severe infestation the whole crop is defoliated.
- Drying up of infected leaves is
the main symptom.
Natural enemies of Bihar hairy caterpillar
- Parasitoids: Trichogramma spp., Bracon spp.
- Predators: Lacewing, ladybird beetle, spider, red ant,
dragon fly, praying mantis, ground beetle, shield bugs etc.
Aphid
Biology
- Egg: Eggs are very tiny, shiny-black, and are found in
the crevices of bud, stems, and barks of the plant. Aphids usually do not
lay eggs in warm parts of the world.
- Nymph: Nymphs are young aphids they look like the
wingless adults but are smaller. They become adults within 7 to 10 days.
- Adult: Adults are small, back to dark brownish colour, 1
to 4 mm long, soft-bodied insects with two long antennae that resemble
horns. Most aphids have two short cornicles (horns) towards the rear of
the body.
Damage symptoms
- In addition, plants may become
contaminated by honeydew produced by aphids and sooty mould growing on
honeydew.
- Blackgram contaminated with
honeydew and / or sooty moulds are not marketable.
- Aphids are also vectors of
diseases, including the bean common mosaic virus.
- The black bean aphid is a
widely distributed pest of beans. The black legume aphid usually attacks
beans grown at low altitudes
Natural enemies of aphid
- Parasitoid: Aphidius colemani, Aphelinus sp
- Predators: Syrphid larva, lacewing, ladybird beetle, spider
etc.,
Stem fly
Biology
- Egg: The stem fly inserts eggs on the underside of
young leaves. Ovi positing sites present as pale pin prick spots when
infested leaves are held up to the light.
- Larva: The larvae are whitish, torpedo-shaped maggots
that reach little more than 2mm. Larva pupate after 8-11 days. Before
pupation, which takes place inside the stem, the larva makes an exit hole
for the emergence of the adult.
- Pupa: Pupae are smooth, light brown to pale brown,
cylindrical in shape with rounded ends. Pupal stage lasts 6–12 days.
- Adult: Adult flies are shiny black and about 2mm long
with a pair of clear wings of wingspan 4-5 mm.
Damage symptoms
- Infected stems are often red
inside (sometimes pale) and a dis tinct zig-zag tunnel may be observed —
with mag gots or pupae inside. Apart from the exit holes, the plants will
initially appear healthy on the outside.
- Large infestations (3 or more
mag gots per plant) may cause wilting and may even cause plant death,
especially in younger plants particularly if dam age occurs in the plant’s
hypocotyl (basal stem) region.
Natural enemies of stem fly
- Parasitoids: Tiny wasps
Whitefly
Biology
- Egg: Pear shaped, light
yellowish.
- Nymph: On hatching - Oval,
scale-like, greenish white.
- Adult: White, tiny, scale-like
adult.
Natural enemies of whitefly
- Parasitoids: Encarsia formosa,
Eretmocerus sp
- Predators: Ladybird beetle,
spider, lacewing, mirid bug, reduviid bug etc.
Thrips
Biology
- Egg: Eggs are white or yellow in colour and are
microscopic and almost impossible to see. Eggs are inserted one by one by
the females in the plant tissue. Only one end of the egg will be near the
surface of the tissue to allow the immature to emerge. Adults prefer to
lay their eggs in leaf, cotyledon, or flower tissues.
- Nymph: Very small. Thrips pupae appear as an intermediate
form between the immature and the adult. They have short antennae and the
wing buds are visible but short and not functional. Pale yellow to brown
in the base of the plant neck or in the soil At this stage thrips do not
feed.
- Adult: Adults measure up to 2 mm. Adults have
fully developed wings. The wings are very different from other insects.
They have a single longitudinal vein in which there is several hairs
connected perpendicular to the vein. The wing appears as fringe with
hairs. When at rest, the wings are folded along the back of the insect.
Pale yellow to dark brown the same as immatures Adults are more mobile
than immatures and pupae because they can fly. They are attracted to
yellow and white colors. They often will fly to one’s clothes or land on
exposed skin.
Damage symptoms
- The appearance of the damage is
silvery patches or streaks on the leaves that shine in the sun. When
damage is severe, these small patches can occupy most of the surface of
the leaf and the plant cannot adequately photosynthesize. The plant loses
more water than normal through the damaged tissues and plant pathogens
penetrate the injured plant easily.
Natural enemies of thrips
- Parsitoid: Ceranisus menes
- Predators: Predatory mite,
predatory thrips, Oligota spp., Orius spp., hover fly, mirid bug etc.
Blister beetle
The
beetles are found to occur throughout the year in red gram, cowpea, green gram
and black gram. Peak incidence is generally observed during September, causing
a maximum flower damage of 95 per cent. Adults feed on the flowers, tender pods
and young leaves resulting in fewer pods. In locations where pigeon pea is
grown over large areas, blister beetles cause little damage. However, in small
plots that are in the flowering stage during the period of peak adult activity
(August-October in southern India), most of the flowers may be eaten by the
beetles and crop losses may be substantial. The adults are medium to large (2.5
cm in length), usually black with large yellow spots and a red band across the
abdomen, which sometimes changes into yellow spots. The antennae are orange or
yellow. The immature stages (larvae) do not feed on plants. They live in the
soil and eat grasshopper eggs, and are therefore beneficial.
Root-knot nematode
Biology
- Most species of plant parasitic
nematodes have a relatively simple life cycle consisting of the egg, four
larval stages and the adult male and female.
- Development of the first stage
larvae occurs within the egg where the first molt occurs. Second stage
larvae hatch from eggs to find and infect plant roots or in some cases
foliar tissues.
- Under suitable environmental
conditions, the eggs hatch and new larvae emerge to complete the life
cycle within 4 to 8 weeks depending on temperature.
- Nematode development is generally
most rapid within an optimal soil temperature range of 70 to 80°F.
Damage symptoms
- Infected plants in patches in
the field
- Formation of galls on host root
system is the primary symptom
- Roots branch profusely starting
from the gall tissue causing a ‘beard root’ symptom
- Infected roots become knobby
and knotty
- In severely infected plants the
root system is reduced and the rootlets are almost completely absent. The
roots are seriously hampered in their function of uptake and transport of
water and nutrients
- Plants wilt during the hot part
of day, especially under dry conditions and are often stunted
- Nematode infection predisposes
plants to fungal and bacterial root pathogens
Survival and spread
- Primary: Egg masses in infected plant debris and soil or
collateral and other hosts like Solonaceous, Malvaceous and Leguminaceous
plants act as sources of inoculum.
- Secondary: Autonomous second stage juveniles that may also
be water dispersed.
Favourable conditions
- Loamy light soils.
IPM for Blackgram & Greengram
To know
the IPM practices for Blackgram & Greengram, click here.
Source: NIPHM and Directorate
of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage
Blackgram &
Greengram: Crop Stage-wise IPM
|
Management |
Activity |
Pre- sowing*
|
|
|
Common cultural practices: |
|
|
Nutrients |
• Apply well decomposed FYM @ 4 t/acre or
Vermicompost @ 2 t/acre treated with Trichoderma 2-3 weeks before sowing.. |
|
Weeds |
• At the time of field preparation, adopt stale
seed bed technique i.e. pre sowing irrigation followed by shallow tillage to
minimize the weeds menace in field. |
|
Soil borne pathogens nematodes, resting stage of
insects |
Cultural control: |
Sowing*
|
|
|
Common cultural practices: |
|
|
Nutrients |
• Seed treatment should be done with, Trichoderma
spp. (8-10 g/Kg seed) and Rhizobium spp., AMF/PSB cultures each @ 30 g/Kg
seed. |
|
Weeds |
• Line sowing should be done to facilitate
inter-cultural operations. |
Vegetative stage*
|
|
|
Common cultural practices: |
|
|
Nutrients |
• Correct micronutrient deficiency if any in
standing crop. |
|
Weeds |
• Keep field boundary and bunds free from weeds. |
|
Grass blue butterfly |
• See the common cultural, mechanical and
biological practices |
|
Bihar hairy caterpillar |
Cultural control: |
|
Stem fly |
• See the common cultural, mechanical and
biological practices |
|
Pod weevil |
• See the common cultural, mechanical and biological
practices |
|
Bean aphid |
Cultural control: |
|
Leaf hopper |
Biological control: |
|
Pod fly |
• See the common cultural, mechanical and
biological practices |
|
Whitefly |
Chemical control: |
|
Thrips |
• See the common cultural, mechanical and
biological practices |
|
Blister beetle |
• See the common cultural and biological practices |
|
White grub** |
Cultural control: |
|
Red spider mite** |
Cultural control: |
|
Anthracnose, bacterial leaf blight, Cercospora leaf
spot |
Cultural control: |
|
Powdery mildew |
Cultural control: |
|
Rust |
Cultural control: |
|
Root rot, Macrophomina blight |
Cultural control: |
Yellow mosaic virus
|
|
|
Leaf crinkle virus |
|
|
Flowering |
|
|
Blue butterfly, grass blue butterfly, Bihar hairy
caterpillar, pod weevil, bean aphid, pod fly, whitefly, thrips, anthracnose,
bacterial leaf blight, Cercospora leaf spot, powdery mildew, rust, yellow
mosaic virus, leaf crinkle virus |
• Same as in vegetative stage |
|
Root rot, Macrophomina blight |
• Same as in sowing/seedling stage |
|
Reproductive (pod development) |
|
|
Nutrients |
• Incorporate crop residues in soil immediately
after harvest |
|
Weeds |
• Remove left over weeds to prevent weed seed
spread in field. |
|
Gram pod borer, spotted pod borer, spiny pod borer |
Cultural control: |
|
Blue butterfly, grass blue butterfly, Bihar hairy
caterpillar, pod weevil, bean aphid, pod fly, whitefly, thrips, anthracnose,
bacterial leaf blight, Cercospora leaf spot, powdery mildew, rust, yellow
mosaic virus, leaf crinkle virus |
• Same as in vegetative stage |
|
Root rot, Macrophomina blight |
• Same as in sowing/seedling stage |
|
Note: The
pesticide dosages and spray fluid volumes are based on high volume sprayer. |
|
Source: NIPHM and Directorate
of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage
131 ratings
Blackgram &
Greengram: Natural Enemies
- Natural Enemies of Blackgram &
Greengram Insect Pests
- Resistant/tolerant varieties
- IPM for Blackgram & Greengram
Natural Enemies of Blackgram & Greengram
Insect Pests
Parasitoids
Predators
Resistant/tolerant varieties
|
Pest |
Tolerant
/resistant variety |
|
Powdery
mildew |
Moongbean-TARM 1, Pusa 9072 &
Urdbean LBG 17 |
|
Yellow
mosaic virus |
Moong bean- Pant Mung , Pant Mung, PDM
54 (Moti), PDM 84-139(Samrat),PDM 84-143, PDM – 11.ML – 337, Pant Moong MUM
2,MH-88-111 and MUM-2 Urd bean- Pant U 19, Pant U – 30,UG 218, PDU 1, PDU
88-31 |
IPM for Blackgram & Greengram
To know
the IPM practices for Blackgram & Greengram, click here.
Source: NIPHM and Directorate
of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage
COMMENTS