IPM Stratergies for Jackfruit

Jack Fruit Diseases Soft rot or fruit rot Dieback Leaf spot Rust Pink disease Disease cycle IPM for Jackfruit Soft ro...

Jack Fruit Diseases

1. Soft rot or fruit rot
2. Dieback
3. Leaf spot
4. Rust
5. Pink disease
6. Disease cycle
7. IPM for Jackfruit

Soft rot or fruit rot

Disease symptoms:

• Young fruits and male inflorescences are badly attacked by the fungus and only a small percentage of the fruits reach maturity.
• Female inflorescence and matured fruits are not usually attacked.
• The disease is a soft rot. A large number of the affected fruits falls off early. In the first stage of attack ·the fungus appears as greyish growth with abundant mycelia which gradually becomes denser forming a black growth.

Survival and spread:

• The fungus gradually advances until the whole fruit or the entire inflorescence rots and falls off.

Favourable conditions:

• Warm, humid, rainy conditions favour the development of rot. Wind, rain and insects dislodge and spread the tiny

Dieback

Disease symptoms:

• The most of die-back becomes evident by discolouration anddarkening of the bark some distance from the tip.
• The dark area advances and young green twigs start withering first at the base and then extending outwards along the veins of leaf edges.
• The affected leaves turn brown and their margins roll upwards.
• At this stage, the twig or branch dies, shrivels and falls.
• There may be exudation of gum from affected branches. Such branches are often affected by shoot borers.
• Infected twigs show internal discolouration

Survival and spread:

• Infected twigs may cause the spreading of die back

Favourable conditions:

• Relative humidity above 80 percent and temperature of 25-31°C and rains

Leaf spot

Disease symptoms:

• Produces dark brick red spots on both the surface of leaf which upon maturity become greyish studed with dark colour, pin headed fruiting bodies of the fungus.

Survival and spread:

• The fungus overwinters on old leaves . Young rapidly expanding leaves are infected.

Favourable conditions:

• Temperature of 25°C and Relative Humidity 95-97%

Rust

Disease symptoms:

• Rust generally develops late in the summer, and in years when disease is severe, it can cause the trees to defoliate in a matter of a few weeks. If this happens on a regular basis, the overall growth of the trees can be reduced and yields can be affected.
• Another consequence of defoliation is that if it occurs early in the summer, the trees will put out new growth that is then at risk of being damaged by early frosts. On the other hand, if defoliation occurs in the fall, the trees may go dormant earlier than usual, which then protects them from early frosts.
• Initially, symptoms of fig rust are visible as small, yellowish spots on the upper surface of the leaves. As these spots (or lesions) grow larger, they turn a reddish-brown color but remain relatively smooth.
• On the lower surface of the leaf, the lesions are a reddish-brown color and have a slightly raised, blister-like appearance. Heavily infected leaves often turn yellow or brown, particular y around the edges, and drop prematurely.

Survival and spread:

• The fungus mainly survives through teliospores (thick walled, resting spores) on leaves left in the orchard or on the soil surface.
• The disease spreads by wind-borne uredospores from infected tree.

Favourable conditions:

• Temperature ranging from 25.5 to 30.5° C with relative humidity of 86-92°c favours high intensity of rust.

Pink disease

Disease symptoms

• It is widespread in tropical and subtropical areas.
• Disease appears as a pinkish powdery coating on the stem.
• Pink colour represents profuse conidial production of fungus.
• Young woody branches of the affected trees lose their leaves & show die back symptoms.
• Pink encrustation is seen on the lower shaded side.

Disease cycle

IPM for Jackfruit

To know the IPM practices for Jackfruit, click here.

Source: NIPHM; Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage

 

3.16   

 

38 ratings and

JackFruit Beneficial insects

1. Natural Enemies of Jackfruit Insect Pest
2. Parasitoids
1. Egg parasitoids
2. Larval parasitoids
3. Nymphal and adult parasitoids
3. Predators
4. IPM for Jackfruit

Natural Enemies of Jackfruit Insect Pest

Parasitoids

Egg parasitoids

Larval parasitoids

Nymphal and adult parasitoids

Predators

IPM for Jackfruit

To know the IPM practices for Jackfruit, click here.

Source: NIPHM ;Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage

 

3.21   

 

33 ratings

Jackfruit Crop Stage Wise IPM

1. Pre-Planting
2. Planting
3. Vegetative (1-5 years onward)
4. Reproductive*
5. Post harvest

Management	Activity
Pre-Planting
	Common cultural practices: Deep ploughing of orchard immediately after harvest to expose eggs and pupae of mealy bugs. Heavy irrigation of orchard in October also helps in destruction of eggs of mealy bug. After removing the webs of bark eating caterpillars following measures should be adopted: All the borer holes except the fresh one, should be plugged with mud plastering.
Nutrients	Dig pits of 1 m x 1 m x 1 m. Fill up the pits with top soil mixed with 10 Kg of FYM and 1 Kg of neem cake per pit
Weeds	Summer deep ploughing to destroy stubbles, rhizomes of perennial weeds. Ploughing the field before planting to destroy existing weeds in the field.
Planting
	Common mechanical practices: Remove new sprouts emerging from root stock at frequent intervals. Shift the grafts frequently from one place to another to prevent them from striking roots into the ground.
Nutrients	Transplant the saplings / planting materials in pits already prepared and filled with manures
Weeds	Before transplanting, pits and surrounding area should be free from weeds
Pests, Soil-borne pathogens	Cultural control: Nursery beds should be raised. Nursery beds should be fumigated with 4% formalin
Vegetative (1-5 years onward)
	Common cultural practices: Collect and destroy tree debris Collect and destroy disease infected and insect damaged plant parts Enhance parasitic activity by avoiding chemical spray, when 1-2 larval parasitoids are observed Provide timely irrigation, organic manure, fertilizer as per the recommended dose, drainage, weeding, mulching, intercultural operation etc. Common mechanical practices: After mud plastering 25 cm. wide, 400 gauge alkathene (polythene) should be fastened to the tree trunk with the help of sutli, about 30 cm. above the ground level to prevent migration of freshly hatched first instars nymphs of mealy bugs in the month of December-January. The affected leaves and young shoots may be pruned and they may be destroyed along with the pest. This practice will help in bringing down the pest population. Prune and burn affected twigs for the control of scales and mealy bugs. Sticky band should be fixed on main trunk to prevent the movement of ants. The affected parts should be nipped off and destroyed. Common biological practices: Conserve natural enemies through ecological engineering Augmentative release of natural enemies. Ladybird beetle, Adalia sp, Synharmonia sp, Exochomus sp, Stethorus sp @ 30-50 adults/infested tree. Lacewing and Syrphus sp. @ 10-20 first instar larvae/tree
Nutrients	The manures and fertilizers should be applied in two splits during May - June and September – October on the basis of soil test report or in general as per schedule
Weeds	Keep the pits and surrounding areas weed-free by hand tool weeding. Use straw or plastic mulch to manage the weeds and conserve the soil moisture in the tree basins. Grow the annual or perennial recommended intercrops like Corn, Vegetables (e.g. Okra, Brinal, Chilli, Tomato etc.), Citrus, Banana, Pineapple etc. or Cover crops like Pulses (e.g. green gram, Bengal Gram etc.) and Groundnut. Whenever intercrops are not grown between the rows, slashing and mowing of weed may be adopted.
Shoot and fruit borer	Cultural control: Attacked shoots should be clipped off and destroyed. Clean hole and pour kerosene/petrol/crude oil or formalin into the stem borer hole and subsequently close entrance of the tunnel by plugging with cotton wool and paste the mud. Use light trap@1/acre Physical control: To protect them from egg laying, fruit may be covered with polythene bags and the affected parts removed and destroyed. Botonical control: Spraying neem oil may be recommended.
Spittle bugs	Cultural control: Keep orchard clean and healthy. Cut dried branches Physical control: Light, accessible spittlebug infestations can be removed by hand or by a strong water spray. Cut dried branches Biological control: Pipunculid fly, Verrallia virginica caused 50-60% parasitism of adult spittlebugs.
Mealybug	Cultural control: Flooding of orchard with water in the month of October kill the eggs. Ploughing of orchard in November. Raking of soil around tree trunk to expose the eggs to natural enemies and sun, removal of weeds Fastening of alkathene sheet (400 gauge)/grease band of 25 cm wide afterwards mud plastering of trunk at 30 cm above the ground in the middle of December. In July –August destruction of infested fallen leaves with scales Biological control: Raking of soil around tree trunk to expose the eggs to natural enemies and sun, removal of weeds and releasing 10-15 grubs Releasing 10-15 grubs of cocinellid predator, C. montrozieri per tree.
Bud weevil	Physical control: Remove the infested shoots, flower buds and fruits to check infestation. Biological control: Pipunculid fly, Verrallia virginica caused 50-60% parasitism of adult spittle bugs.
Bark eating caterpillar	Cultural control: Remove and destroy dead and severely affected branches of the tree Remove alternate host, silk cotton and other hosts
Aphid	Physical control: Collect and destroy the damaged plant parts along with nymphs and adults Biological control: Release coccinellid predators
Pink waxy scale	Cultural control: Prune heavily infested plant parts to open the tree canopy and destroy’ them immediately. Prune infested parts (branches and twigs) preferably during summer. These should be placed in a pit constructed on one corner of the orchard. Allow branches and twigs to dry until the parasites escape. Burn the remaining debris. Removal of attendant ants may permit natural enemies to control the insect.
Leaf Webber	Physical control: Mechanical clipping and burning of affected shoots Biological control: Release of pupal parasitoid, Tetrastichus howardi @20,000 / ac. Release of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis @ 2cc / ac.
Thrips	Cultural control: Spraying strong jet of water to dislodge and wash out the pest
Castor capsule borer	Cultural control: Prune heavily infested plant parts to open the tree canopy and destroy’ them immediately Biological control: The natural enemies, Hexamermis spp and Apanteles taragammae have been found to be potential bio-control agents of the pest.
Dieback	Cultural control: Every care should be taken to prevent introduction of disease in newly planted orchards. Mechanical control: Any infected portion should immediately be pruned, followed by spraying/ pasting of copper oxychloride or pasting with cow dung at the cut ends. Pruning should be done in such a way that some healthy portion is also removed, to ensure complete eradication of pathogen (3 ―below the infection site).
Leaf spot	Cultural control: Affected branches should be pruned
Rust	Cultural control: Affected branches should be pruned
Anthracnose	Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices Cultural control: Diseased leaves, twigs, gall midge infected leaves and fruits, should be collected and burnt. Covering the fruits on tree, 15 days prior to harvest with news or brown paper bags.
Pink disease	Cultural control: Pruning of infected branches
Reproductive*
Nutrients	Micronutrient deficiency, if any, should be corrected by application of particular nutrients.
Weeds	Use straw or plastic mulch to manage the weeds and conserve the soil moisture in the tree basins. Keep the pits and surrounding areas weed-free by hand tool weeding. Whenever intercrop(s) not grown between the rows of trees, slashing and mowing of weed may be adopted.
Anthracnose, Dieback, Pink disease	Same as vegetative stage
Soft Rot or Fruit Rot,	Physical control: Remove affected fruits.
Maturation *
Stem borer, shoot and fruit borer, pink waxy scale, Thrips, aphid, castor capsule borer	Same as vegetative stage
Post harvest
Anthracnose	Physical control: Hot water treatment at 52 0C for 4-5 min. Fruits should be sprayed with the mixture of bioinoculants.

 

Source: NIPHM, and Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage

 

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32 ratings and

Jackfruit Insect Pests

1. Shoot and fruit borer
2. Spittle bugs
3. Mealy bug
4. Bud weevil
5. Bark eating caterpillar
6. Aphid
7. Leaf webber
8. Stem borer
9. Castor capsule borer
10. IPM for Jackfruit

Shoot and fruit borer

Biology

• Egg: Females lay more eggs and develop faster during the flowering and fruiting period.
• Larva: The caterpillar is reddish brown with black spots and bores into the tender shoots and developing fruits, occasionally causing substantial damage.
• Adult: The adult moth is pale brown with a number of dark brown spots, and orange stripes outlined in dark brown, on each wing

Life cycle:

Damage symptoms:

• The fruit borer causes about 30─40% damage in jackfruit from flower bud formation up to fruit ripening.

Natural enemies of shoot and fruit borer :

Parasitoids: Bracon sp.,chelonus sp., Systasis sp.

Spittle bugs

Biology:

• Eggs: Pine spittlebugs overwinter as eggs inserted in dead twigs or slits cut into the bark of living stems. The eggs hatch in early May and the young nymphs migrate to the tender one-year-old growth.
• Nymphs: The nymphs begin to produce the frothy spittle from their anus. The spittle apparently protects the nymphs from predators, parasites and dry weather. As the spittle drops onto lower branches, black sooty mold may cover the needles. The young nymphs are yellowish with black markings; older nymphs become more brown. Several nymphs may join together in one large spittle mass and the nymphs constantly abandon old masses to make new ones. The nymphs mature by July and soon leave the spittle in order to molt into the winged adult.
• Adults: The adults do not form spittle masses but quickly jump and fly if disturbed. The adults are mottled gray with two faint parallel lines running across the wings.

Life cycle:

Damage symptoms:

• Larvae feeds on twigs of the tree

Mealy bug

Biology:

• Eggs: Females lay their eggs directly on the host in a fluted ovisac that is attached to the body of the adult female. Inseminated eggs produce hermaphrodites and uninseminated eggs produce males.
• Nymphs: The first instar nymphs are also called as crawlers, which are mobile. They settle on the plants, start sucking the sap and form the colonies.
• Adults: Females actually are hermaphrodites that frequently inseminate themselves. Adult males mate with females, but it is not clear if their sperm are used for reproduction.

Life cycle:

Damage symptoms:

• The adult bugs are covered with whitish powder and colonize between bark of tree trunk, young shoots and panicles.
• The nymphs’ ascent the trees and settle on inflorescence causing flower drop, affecting fruit set.
• They also excrete honey dew, a sticky substance, which facilitates development of sooty mould.

Natural enemies of mealybug:

Predators: Menochilus sexmaculatus, Rodolia fumida, Cryptolaemus montrozieri

Bud weevil

Biology:

• Egg: The egg is pearly white, smooth and oblong oval measuring on an average 0.42mm.in length and 0.28mm. in width.
• Grub:The eggs hatch in 3 to 4 days and the newly hatched legless grub is pale white with a pale brown head and measures 0.56mm in length. It bores through the tissue in all directions and becomes mature in 12 to 15 days. The full-grown grub is whitish in color measuring 4-9mm. in length. It head is light brown but darker at the frontal region and much narrower than thorax and with a conspicuous dark line in frons.
• Pupae: The pupal stage lasts for 5 to 6 days. The adult emerges by boring a hole on the outer skin.
• Adults: The adult is a small, active, greyish brown weevil measuring 3.5mm. in length and 1mm. in breadth, with the whole body thinly clothed with fine setiform golden scales and set with suberect setae and elytra bearing numerous irregular and ill-defined small bare spots. It is often found in groups feeding on the tissue inflorescence.

Life cycle:

Damage symptoms:

The bud weevil (Ochyromera artocarpi) is a specific pest of jackfruit. The small whitish grubs bore into tender flower buds and fruits, and induce premature drop. These greyish brown adult weevils are found nibbling the leaves

 

Bark eating caterpillar

Biology:

• Egg: Females lay about 2000 eggs in clusters of 15-20 on the bark of the host tree. Eggs hatch in 8-10 days.
• Larvae: Caterpillars are about 50-60 mm long with dark brown heads and with dirty brown bodies. Larvae become full grown by December but continue to feed slowly until April.
• Pupae : Pupae are 16-20 mm long, stout, reddish brown with two rows of spines on each abdominal segment. Pupation takes place in April and pupal period varies between 21-31 days.
• Adults : Adults are pale brown with head and thorax dark brown, abdomen, fore-wings pale reddish brown with numerous dark brown bands.

Life cycle:

Damage symptoms:

The newly hatched larvae nibble the bark of the tree and after 2-3 days bore into the same and feed. This disturbs the continuity of flow of sap which results in poor growth and less fruiting. Silk webs which consist of excreta and chewed wood particles can be seen, more commonly at the junction of two branches, hanging on the bark of infested trees.

Aphid

Biology:

• Eggs: Eggs are white in colour and laid along the veins of leaves.
• Nymphs: There are four nymphal stages (instars). The general appearance of each stage is similar except for increase in size during subsequent instars. The first, second, third and fourth nymphal stages last 1-2, 2, 2, and 3 days respectfully.
• Adults: Aphids are small, soft-bodied, pear-shaped insects that have a pair of cornicles (waxsecreting tubes) projecting out from the fifth or sixth abdominal segment.Wingless, female, aphids are yellowish green, gray green or olive green with a white waxy bloom covering the body. The winged, female, adult aphids have a dusky green abdomen with dark lateral stripes separating the body segments and dusky wing veins.Male aphids are olive-green to brown in color. The aphid attacks generally during 2nd and 3rd week of December and continues till March.

Life cycle:

Damage symptoms:

• Both nymph and adults suck the sap from leaves, buds and pods.
• Curling may occur for infested leaves and at advanced stage plants may wither and die.
• Plants remain stunted and sooty molds grow on the honey dew excreted by the insects.

Leaf webber

• Eggs: The eggs are minute, measuring only about 0.4–0.6 mm in width and 0.8 mm in length. The shape varies from spherical to flattened. Their color is white initially, but changes to yellow after about 24 hours. The eggs are distributed in small clusters, usually two to seven per cluster. They are deposited principally on the buds, flowers, and other actively growing portions of the plant. Hatching occurs in about four days. Egg production to be 300–400 eggs per female.
• Larva: There are five instars. Total larval development time averages 14 days. Mean duration (range) of each instar is about 2.5 (2-3), 2 (1-3), 2 (1-3), 2.5 (2-3), and 5 (4-7) days, respectively. Prior to pupation larvae tend to turn a dark copper color. When mature, larvae often attain a length of 2.5 cm.
• Pupa: Pupation usually occurs in a leaf fold; often dead, dry material is used. There is only weak evidence of a cocoon, usually just a few strands of silk. The pupa is elongate, measuring about 13 mm in length and 4 mm in width. It is light brown to dark brown in color, and tapers to a point at both ends. Pupation usually lasts about eight to nine days.
• Adult: Emerging moths fly during much of the evening hours, but most flight occurs three to five hours after sundown, with peak flight at approximately midnight . he female moth produces a pheromone that attracts males, with peak production occurring at five to seven hours after sunset.

Life Cycle:

Stem borer

Biology:

• Egg: The female cuts the tree bark and lays eggs singly into these cuts, laying a total of up to 200 eggs. Egg is a brownish-white cylinder, 6.2 mm, with narrowly rounded ends. On hatching the larvae start to tunnel into the sapwood of the trunk or branches.
• Larva: Larval development takes about 2 years. As a very large species, the larval tunnel measuring 2 or 3 centimeters in width that is correspondingly large and very damaging to the tree. The larvae tunnel through the sapwood and because of their size, they make large tunnel which interfere with sap flow and affect foliage and fruit production.
• Adult: The adult beetle emerges by a short tunnel running to the exterior and ending in a circular exit-hole. The maximum life recorded for the adult is eight months.

Life cycle:

Damage symptoms:

• Grub tunnels in the sapwood on the trunk or branches
• Grub bore into the sap wood and making irregular tunnels.
• Feeding the vascular tissues
• interruption of nutrient and water transport on the tissue
• Drying of terminal shoot in early stage
• Frass comes out from several points and sometimes sap oozes out of the holes
• Wilting of branches or entire tree

Castor capsule borer

Biology:

• Egg: The female moths lay eggs on the tender parts of the plant.
• Larva: Pale greenish with pinkish tinge and fine hairs with dark head and prothoracic shield. The caterpillar that hatches out bores into the shoot if the plant is young and knit the planting materials capsules if the plant is old. The full-grown caterpillar is stout, reddish brown in colour and measures 15 to 25 mm. long. It pupates in a silken cocoon.
• Adult: Adults have yellow wings with black dots

Life cycle

Damage symptoms:

• The caterpillars bore into shoot and planting materials capsules and cause extensive damage to the tree and characteristic webbing of capsules along with excreta is seen.
• Capsules with bore holes
• Damaged capsules webbed together
• Peduncle and capsules having galleries made of silk and frass.

Natural enemies of shoot and capsule borer:

• Parastioids : Bracon brevicornis, Brachymeria euploeae
• Predators : Chrysoperla zastrowisillemi, ladybird beetle, reduviid bug, spider, fire ant, robber fly, black drongo (King crow), common mynah, big-eyed bug (Geocoris sp), earwig, ground beetle, pentatomid bug (Eocanthecona furcellata), preying mantis etc.

IPM for Jackfruit

 

 

To know the IPM practices for Jackfruit, click here.

Source: NIPHM; Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage

 

3.18   

 

44 ratings and

Jackfruit Pests

1. Pests of National Significance
1. Insect pests
2. Diseases:
2. Weeds:
1. Broadleaf
2. Grasses
3. Sedges
3. Pests of Regional Significance
1. Insect pests
2. Disease
4. IPM for Jackfruit

Pests of National Significance

Insect pests

• Shoot and fruit borer: Glyphodes caesalis (Walker), (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
• Spittle bugs: Cosmocarta relata Distant (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)
• Mealybug: Drosicha mangiferae Stebbins (Hemiptera: Margarodidae)
• Bud weevil: Ochyromera artocarpi Marshall (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
• Bark eating caterpillar: Indarbela tetraonis (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)
• Aphid: Greenidea artocarpi (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
• Leaf webber: Glyphodes bivitralis Gueneé (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Diseases:

• Soft rot or fruit rot: Rhizopus artocarpi Racib.
• Dieback: Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.
• Leaf spot: Phyllosticta artocarpina Speg.
• Pink disease: Botryobasidium salmonicolaor (Berk. & Broome) & Corticium Salmonicolor (Berk. & Broome)

Weeds:

Broadleaf

• Asthma herb: Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae)
• Cock's comb: Celosia argentea L. (Amaranthaceae)
• Pigweed: Amaranthus viridis Hook. F. (Amaranthaceae)
• Goat weed: Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae)
• Carrot grass: Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae)
• Coat buttons: Tridax procumbens L. (Fabaceae)
• Tick weed: Cleome viscosa L. (Cappariaceae)
• Horse Purslane: Trainthema portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae)
• Creeping thistle: Cirisium arvense (L.) Scop (Asteraceae)

Grasses

• Bermuda grass: Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Poaceae)
• Large crabgrass: Digitaria sanguinalis L.(Scop.) (Poaceae)
• Yellow foxtail: Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv. (Poaceae)
• Goose grass: Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertner. (Poaceae)
• Rabbit/crow foot grass: Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd (Poaceae)

• Buffalow grass: Paspalum conjugatum Berggius (Poaceae)

Sedges

• Purple nutsedge: Cyperus rotundus L. (Cypraceae)
• Umbrella sedge: Cyperus difformis L. (Cyperaceae)

Pests of Regional Significance

Insect pests

• Stem borer: Batocera rufomaculata (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
• Pink waxy scale: Ceroplastes rubens Maskell (Hemiptera: Coccidae)
• Thrips: Pseudodendrothrips dwivarna Ramakrishna & Margabandhu (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
• Aphid: Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
• Castor capsule borer: Dichocrocis punctiferalis (Gunee) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
• Fruit fly: Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Disease

• Rust: Uredo artocarpi Berk. & Broome
• Anthracnose: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. &. Sacc

IPM for Jackfruit

To know the IPM practices for Jackfruit, click here.

Source: NIPHM; Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage

 

3   

 

32 ratings and

Nutritional Disorders of JackFruit

1. Magnesium
2. Boron
3. Iron
4. Manganese
5. IPM for Jackfruit

Magnesium

Yellowing of older leaves between lateral veins on either side of midrib. Chlorosis spreads from margin towards midrib.

Correction Measure:

Soil application of dolomite 5 kg/tree/year.

Boron

Fruits show splitting or cracking with characteristic reddish purple colour. Leaves show chlorosis and brittleness. Terminal shoot poorly developed.

Correction Measure:

Soil application of borax @25 g/tree/year.

Iron

Young leaves show interveinal chlorosis while veins remain green with stunted growth. In severe cases entire leaf becomes yellow.

Correction Measure:

Soil application of FeSO₄ @ 0.5 kg/tree/ year.

Manganese

Leaves become yellow but veins remain green.

Correction Measure:

Soil application of MnSO₄@0.5 kg/tree/year.

 

 

 

 

IPM for Jackfruit

 

 

To know the IPM practices for Jackfruit, click here.

Source: NIPHM;Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage

 

3.06